Cancer Stem Cell & Oncology Research

DNA Damage Response Mechanisms

Cancer stem cells exhibit unique DNA damage response mechanisms that enable survival despite high levels of genomic stress. DNA damage arises from replication errors, oxidative stress, and chromosomal instability within the tumor environment. In response, cancer stem cells activate complex signaling networks that detect DNA lesions and coordinate repair processes. These mechanisms include enhanced recognition of DNA breaks and efficient activation of repair pathways. Unlike differentiated tumor cells, cancer stem cells prioritize genome maintenance to preserve long term self renewal capacity. However, repair processes in these cells are often error prone, leading to the accumulation of mutations rather than complete restoration of genomic integrity. This paradox allows survival while promoting genetic variability. DNA damage response pathways also interact with cell cycle regulation, determining whether cells proceed with division or enter temporary arrest. Persistent activation of these responses contributes to cellular adaptation and evolution. From a biological perspective, altered DNA damage responses in cancer stem cells represent a balance between protection and mutation generation, enabling both survival and diversification within tumors.