14^th International Conference on Cancer Stem Cell & Oncology Research October 30-31, 2023 Rome, Italy

In 2003, researchers at the U-M Comprehensive Cancer Centre detected the first breast cancer stem cells in an extremely solid tumor. Just a few cancer stem cells, according to researchers at the University of Michigan, are responsible for the growth and dissemination of carcinoma. The tumor is likely going to return and metastasize, or spread cancerous cells to other parts of the body, unless the cancer stem cells are eliminated

In the bone marrow, which is where blood is made, a specific type of cancer called blood cancer begins. Fever, chills, weakness, weariness, weight loss, discomfort in the bones and joints, and anemia are just a few of the symptoms. Chemotherapy, radiation, stem cell therapy, surgery, and immunotherapy are among the available treatments.

A professional who cares for cancer patients is called a nurse. Cancer patient nursing care may be summed up as providing patients with skilled care and attending to their requirements when they are ill. It may also comprise screening procedures and other preventative measures that should be performed to address patient care issues including weariness and infection.

Most deaths worldwide are caused by cancer. If cancer is discovered at an early stage, the majority of cases can be cured. Depending on the type and stage of the cancer, there are many techniques to diagnosis and treatment. There may be multiple methods used to diagnose cancer. According to your personal risk, you can choose the optimal diagnostic. Getting rid of or killing malignant cells is the main goal of cancer treatment. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy are a few of the therapeutic possibilities. The primary, adjuvant, and palliative goals of cancer treatment are just a few examples.

The study of genetics, a branch of biology, focuses on the genetic transmission of character from parents to offspring. Mutation, a change in the genes, is one of the key components in the development of tumors. A gene alteration can lead to a cell producing proteins that influence cell development and division into new cells. Such a change in a gene results in uncontrolled cells, which can result in cancer.

The study of genomes is called genomics. It is a branch of biology that deals with genome structure, mapping, evolution, and editing. The entire collection of DNA, including its genes, is known as the genome. The analysis of malignant genomes has revealed the variations in DNA or genes that influence growth and development in a variety of ways. The discovery of genetic and epigenetic changes in tumors that cause cancer has made it possible to develop medications that target these changes as well as diagnostic and therapy procedures that help identify patients who may benefit from these treatments. 

The few cells within a tumor that fuel the growth of the tumor are known as cancer stem cells. These cells typically only make approximately 1% to 3% of the total number of cells in a tumor. The focus of cancer research is on the stem cells found in cancerous tumors. Current cancer treatments, according to researchers, occasionally fail because they do not eradicate the cancer stem cells. Think of cancer as a weed, with stem cells serving as the plant's base while the majority of the remaining cells make up the plant's surface. The weed will reappear if you merely pull off the leaves and leave the roots behind. The same is true for cancer: if you do not eliminate the cancer stem cells, the disease will probably come back.

It's critical to avoid myths and misunderstandings about cancer and to increase cancer awareness. There are many cancer-related myths and misconceptions on the internet, which prevent patients from receiving a timely diagnosis and receiving treatment.

This program aims to educate you on cancer by contrasting cancer facts with cancer myths and misconceptions.

The vast majority of viruses are coronaviruses. Anyone exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus is at risk of contracting COVID-19, which has become a worldwide pandemic. It has just recently come to light that having a COVID-19 history of cancer patient raises one's risk for certain illnesses. Your immune system may become more vulnerable to infection due to cancer and its treatments. Our body's immune system defends it from disease and infection brought on by viruses like COVID-19.

The current treatment paradigm for patients with stage 2 or 3 rectal cancer is concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy (CRT) followed by total mesorectal excision.

Radiation therapy for rectal cancer, both approaches have worked to treat this disease. Chemotherapy is often given at the same time as radiation therapy to increase the effectiveness of radiation therapy. This is called chemoradiation therapy.

While there has been great progress in our understanding of cancer stem cells and tumor starting cells, mounting evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment plays a role in the growth and viability of tumors. The presentation will cover recent advances in innovative tumor-killing techniques as well as preclinical and clinical initiatives that target cancer stem cells, the inflammatory component of tumors, and consequently the tumor microenvironment for therapeutic intervention.

Mechanisms of Tumor Promotion by Inflammatory Cells

Targeting the Inflammatory Component of Tumors

Compounds Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment

Compounds Targeting Inflammation and Cancer

Molecules Targeting Cancer Stem Cells

Targeting Cancer Stemness Pathways

“Prevention is better than cure.” – By Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

Understanding why some people get malignant cells while others do not is incredibly difficult. However, study and analysis revealed some risk factors that can raise the likelihood of cancer. Some of the prevalent risk factors, such as environmental and lifestyle variables, can be avoided. The bulk of studies have demonstrated that bad lifestyle choices including smoking, eating poorly, and being overweight cause the majority of malignancies. Although not all cancers can be prevented, we can reduce our risk by adopting healthy behaviors including regular exercise, quitting smoking, and moderate alcohol consumption.

Evidence of cancer stem cells indicates the existence of a small population of disease cells with distinct activities protecting against radio-chemotherapy-organized and enlarged metastatic illness.

There may be a huge worldwide health problem with gastric cancer. It is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide and the fifth most common cancer. Because of tumor relapse and metastasis, the prognosis overall is still poor despite advancements in treatment. To improve clinical outcomes in stomach cancer, novel therapeutic techniques are urgently needed. To explain the high rate of relapse and subsequent resistance of cancer to systemic therapy, the cancer somatic cell (CSC) model has been put forth. The discovery of CSCs in a variety of solid tumors, such as gastric cancer, has important clinical ramifications because focusing on this population may be crucial for halting tumor growth and recurrence.

Despite substantial advancements in staging and treatments, lung cancer's high incidence and recurrence still contribute significantly to cancer-related mortality. According to recent research, stem cells located throughout the airways may start the development of cancer. These alleged stem cells continue to exhibit protumorigenic traits as a high ability for multipotent differentiation, resistance to drugs, and a prolonged lifespan in comparison to other cells. Different cancer types maintain stem cell signaling and differentiation pathways, and instability of this machinery may contribute to the maintenance of cancer stem cells. One area of active research is the characterization of cancer stem cells, which is essential for creating new treatments. The current understanding of stem cell signaling pathways and cell markers used to detect cancer stem cells is summarized in this article.

A multidisciplinary basic scientific program with expertise in tumor-host interactions, cancer stem cells, DNA damage repair, and genomic instability is known as molecular oncology.

Learn the regulatory processes that cause cancer stem cell cellular heterogeneity and treatment resistance (CSCs).

Determine how tumor heterogeneity, progression, and treatment resistance are impacted by genomic instability.

With an emphasis on immunological and microbiome changes, examine the interactions between cells in tumor genesis, dormancy, metastasis, and treatment resistance.

Neuro-oncology is the study of cancers within the brain and medulla spinalis Cancers within the nervous system are usually serious and critical. In some cases, survival is extended using chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Surgical Neuro-oncology

Neurosurgical Oncology

Tumor Biomarkers

Brain Injury Rehabilitation

Pathophysiology in Neuro-Oncology

Types of pain in Neuro-Oncology

Pediatric neuro-oncology

The medical specialty known as oncology focuses on the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. Three main factors have contributed to the improvement in survival rates: improved efforts to reduce exposure to risk factors (such as alcohol and tobacco use), improved tumor screening (taking into account previous findings), and improvements in medical care.

According to the cancer stem cell (CSC) paradigm, cancer cells that have not undergone differentiation and are capable of self-renewal and tumor-initiating activity are what sustain and feed the growth and spread of tumors. Ovarian cancer is regarded as a model case of CSC-driven illness, which is supported by its biological characteristics and clinical evolution. Indeed, ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSC) would explain not only the initial tumor growth, the peritoneal spread, and also the relapse, but also the emergence of chemo resistance, having significant implications for the therapy of this fatal disease.

The term "precision medicine" (also known as "personalized medicine") refers to a method of treating cancer that is unique to each patient. The DNA molecules, gene sequences, and specific genetic history of an individual play a significant role in precision medicine. A genetic error that causes cells to grow out of control and form tumors is what causes cancer. In order to use precision medicine to direct therapy, it is necessary to first understand a person's entire collection of DNA, generally known as their genome. The more specific therapy alternatives may be available, particularly if a person's disease stops responding to routine treatment, as more study is done on genetic sequencing and DNA analysis of cancer tumors.

Genetic makeup

Environmental factors

Lifestyle choices

Although there are some parallels between pancreatic cancer stem cells and cancer stem cells seen in other types of cancer, there also seem to be some notable distinctions. To better comprehend the function of these cells, it is frequently necessary to study their role in the particular malignancy in which they first appear. Cancer stem cells appear to be responsible for the growth of cancer and its spread to other organs within the body, regardless of the organ in which they are discovered. However, they have a number of ways to do it.

Nowadays, men over 50 are more likely to develop prostate cancer than ever before. Medical treatments for glandular carcinoma are backed by findings from the middle of the 20th century, although they are unlikely to be curative in the near future. The majority of treatments are focused on a target cell that expresses the androgen receptor and is highly proliferative, which constitutes the vast majority of cells in a prostate tumor. However, the observed resistance to the majority of medical therapy is frequently explained by the existence of a cancer vegetative cell that, like normal epithelial stem cells within the prostate, does not express androgen receptor and is relatively inactive. The phenotypic of glandular cancer stem cells resembles that of a basal cell, and cultures produced from malignancies, but not from benign tissues, exhibit a proliferation of RNAs linked with prostate cancer.

A multidisciplinary approach to treating cancer should include radiation oncology as a key component. A linear accelerator is used to deliver high-energy x-rays (photons) to the target area. A number of cancers are treated with these painless, undetectable therapeutic x-rays.

To provide more precise therapy, recent technology has merged the use of 3-D imaging technology, computerized treatment planning, and high-energy x-ray machines. Professionals working in the field of radiation therapy include:

Radiation oncologists

Radiation therapist

Cancer Imaging

Radiation oncology nurses

Medical radiation physicists

Dosimetrists

Social workers

Dietitians

There are four stages of cancer, which are Stage 0 (when there is no cancer present but some abnormal cells that may develop into cancerous cells), Stage 1, when the cancer is localized in a small area, Stages 2 and 3, when the cancer has spread to a larger area, such as tissues and lymph nodes, and Stage 4, when the cancer has spread to numerous body parts.